Metals and Non-metals – Class 10 CBSE Science | Chapter 3

Course Overview

Welcome to Metals and Non-metals, an important chapter in Class 10 CBSE Science. This course helps students understand the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals, their reactions with different substances, the reactivity series, ionic compounds, extraction of metals, and corrosion.

Through simple explanations, balanced chemical equations, examples from everyday life, and step-by-step problem-solving, students will develop a strong foundation in Chemistry and prepare effectively for school examinations and CBSE board examinations.

The course focuses on conceptual understanding, important chemical reactions, the relationship between the reactivity of metals and their uses, and examination-oriented practice.

What You Will Learn

By the end of this course, students will be able to:

• Understand the physical properties of metals and non-metals.

• Explain malleability, ductility, lustre, sonority, and electrical and thermal conductivity.

• Identify exceptions to the general properties of metals and non-metals.

• Understand the chemical properties of metals and non-metals.

• Explain the reactions of metals with oxygen, water, acids, and salt solutions.

• Understand the formation and properties of metal oxides and non-metal oxides.

• Identify amphoteric oxides with suitable examples.

• Learn the reactivity series of metals and apply it to predict chemical reactions.

• Write and balance important chemical equations.

• Understand displacement reactions involving metals and salt solutions.

• Explain the formation of ionic compounds through the transfer of electrons.

• Describe the properties of ionic compounds.

• Understand the occurrence of metals in nature as minerals and ores.

• Learn the basic principles involved in the extraction and refining of metals.

• Understand corrosion, rusting, and methods of preventing corrosion.

• Practise NCERT questions, MCQs, and important examination-oriented questions.

Course Curriculum

Module 1: Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals

• Introduction to metals and non-metals

• Metallic lustre

• Hardness and strength

• Malleability and ductility

• Sonority

• Electrical and thermal conductivity

• Physical states of metals and non-metals

• Important exceptions to general properties

• Comparison between metals and non-metals

Module 2: Chemical Properties of Metals

• Reaction of metals with oxygen

• Formation of metal oxides

• Basic and amphoteric oxides

• Reaction of metals with water

• Reaction of metals with dilute acids

• Reaction of metals with salt solutions

• Displacement reactions

• Important observations and balanced chemical equations

Module 3: Chemical Properties of Non-metals

• Reactions of non-metals with oxygen

• Formation of non-metal oxides

• Acidic and neutral oxides

• Differences between the chemical behaviour of metals and non-metals

• Electron transfer in chemical reactions

Module 4: Reactivity Series of Metals

• Meaning of the reactivity series

• Arrangement of metals in decreasing order of reactivity

• Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, lead, hydrogen, copper, mercury, silver, and gold

• Predicting reactions using the reactivity series

• Displacement reactions and their applications

• Metals that react with water and dilute acids

• Important reasoning questions and chemical equations

Module 5: How Do Metals and Non-metals React?

• Electronic configuration and valence electrons

• Formation of positive and negative ions

• Transfer of electrons between metals and non-metals

• Formation of ionic compounds

• Electron-dot structures of ionic compounds

• Properties of ionic compounds

• Melting points and boiling points

• Electrical conductivity in solid and molten states

• Examples involving sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium oxide

Module 6: Occurrence and Extraction of Metals

• Occurrence of metals in nature

• Minerals and ores

• Basic principles of metallurgy

• Extraction of metals according to their reactivity

• Extraction of highly reactive metals by electrolysis

• Extraction of moderately reactive metals

• Roasting and calcination

• Reduction of metal oxides

• Extraction of less reactive metals

• Refining of metals

• Important extraction-related chemical equations

Module 7: Corrosion and Its Prevention

• Meaning of corrosion

• Rusting of iron

• Conditions required for rusting

• Corrosion of silver and copper

• Effects of corrosion

• Prevention of corrosion

• Painting, oiling, greasing, and galvanisation

• Alloying and its importance

• Everyday examples of corrosion

Module 8: NCERT Solutions and Board Exam Preparation

• Important NCERT in-text questions

• NCERT exercise solutions

• Important chemical equations for revision

• Multiple-choice questions (MCQs)

• Assertion–reason questions

• Competency-based questions

• Case-based questions

• Important short-answer questions

• Important long-answer questions

• Give-reasons questions

• Reactivity series practice

• Quick revision notes and chapter summary

Who Should Enrol?

This course is suitable for:

• Class 10 CBSE students studying Science.

• Students preparing for CBSE board examinations.

• Students who want to improve their understanding of chemical reactions.

• Learners who find the reactivity series and ionic compounds difficult.

• Students who want to practise chemical equations and reasoning questions.

• Learners who need a structured revision of the chapter.

Teaching Methodology

The course uses a student-friendly teaching approach, with every concept explained in a clear and systematic manner.

Chemical reactions are presented through balanced equations, observations, and examples. Special attention is given to understanding the reactivity series, predicting displacement reactions, explaining electron transfer, and learning the basic principles of metal extraction.

Practice questions and examination-oriented explanations help students develop confidence in answering conceptual, numerical-free application, and reasoning-based questions.

Course Benefits

After completing this course, students will be able to:

• Differentiate between metals and non-metals.

• Explain the physical and chemical properties of metals.

• Predict reactions using the reactivity series.

• Write and balance important chemical equations.

• Explain the formation and properties of ionic compounds.

• Understand the basic methods of metal extraction and refining.

• Describe corrosion and methods of prevention.

• Answer NCERT and board-examination questions confidently.

Course Details

• Subject: Chemistry / CBSE Science

• Class: 10

• Board: CBSE

• Chapter: 3 – Metals and Non-metals

• Course Level: Beginner

• Course Duration: Approximately 4 hours

• Language: English

• Instructor: Krishna Adari

• Platform: StudyAmigos

Start Learning Today!

Build a strong foundation in Chemistry with this comprehensive course on Metals and Non-metals. Understand important properties, master the reactivity series, explore ionic compounds, learn the principles of metal extraction, and practise essential NCERT questions.

Join StudyAmigos and prepare systematically for your Class 10 CBSE Science examinations with confidence.